Спиртова промисловість на українських землях в 20 - 30-ті роки ХХ ст.

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to conduct a holistic scientific and historical analysis of the development of the alcohol industry in the Ukrainian SSR in the 20 – 30s of the XX century. It is proved that the increasing in the production of alcohol was facilitated by its use for industrial purposes mainly for the production of synthetic rubber. As the main trends in the development of the industry we considered its nationalization and centralization of management, the further concentration of alcohol production, the increasing in the level of technological equipment. The industry's leadership in this period was managed by the Department of the Alcohol Industry, which was part of the Ministry of Food Industry of the USSR. In the Ukrainian SSR they introduced a four-link multi-message system for its management. The author has showed that this period is related to the subsequent concentration of alcohol production, which is characterized by the reduction of the number of small alcoholic plants, the growth of their technological equipment and the increase in average annual production of one plant.

It is substantiated that the development of scientific support of the industry played a decisive role in increasing the amount of alcohol production and improving its quality. The scientific support of the alcohol industry in the USSR was carried out by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of the Alcohol Industry, and in the Ukrainian SSR – the Kyiv Institute of Food Industry. It is substantiated contribution to the development of scientific principles of the alcohol industry of such scientists: M. Kuznetsov, A. Alekseev, D. Klimovsky, M. Gladilin, A. Fuks, E. Vasiliev, C. Koloskov, A. Komarov, A. Sitnikov, A. Malchenko, A. Zabrodsky, V. Freemel, S. Raev, F. Gladkikh, V. Chusov and others. The greatest achievements of this period were new distillation machines, technological schemes for the continuous fermentation of molasses, measures to maximize gaps between individual production operations. The basic scientific developments on improvement of technological process of alcohol production were generalized. It is shown that these measures made it possible for the USSR to take the first place in the world in the production of ethyl alcohol. The methodological basis of the research are the general scientific principles of historical authenticity, scientific objectivity, continuity and dialectical understanding of the scientific process, the historical methods, source analysis.