Історія розвитку основних напрямів туризму в Україні: соціально-економічні аспекти

Abstract

The article analyzes the history of development of the main directions of the domestic tourism industry. The author came to the conclusion that the formation of recreational and tourist activities on the territory of Ukrainian lands took place during the times of ancient Greece. In the Northern Black Sea region colonies were founded, the largest of which were Thira, Olbia, Chersonese, Panticapaeum, Theodosius, Evpatoria, which used medicinal waters, mud of the Crimean lakes and estuaries.

The year 988 was marked by a crucial event in Ukrainian history: Prince Volodymyr of Kiev captured Chersonese (now Sevastopol) and signed an agreement with Byzantium which introduced Christianity throughout Kyivan Rus.

n the thirteenth century, the Venetians and Genoese colonised the Crimean coast, the latter building a majestic fortress at Sudak which to this day towers over the sea rocks. In 1443, Hacı Devlet Giray founded the Crimean Khanate, an independent state with its capital at Bakhchisaray (where the sixteenth-century Khan’s palace is currently being considered for inclusion on UNESCO’s World Heritage list). During the late eighteenth century, on the waters of the Black Sea, the Ukrainian Cossack commander Sydir Bilyi fought alongside John Paul Jones, the United States’ first great naval commander, against the fleet of the Ottoman Empire. It is well known that the conference between the ‘Big Three’ leaders – Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin – took place in the city of Yalta in 1945. This event defined the shape of the post-war world.

The first mention of the medicinal water deposits in the west of Ukraine (Morshyn, Nemyriv, Polyana, Syniak, Lyuben the Great) dates from the XVI century. In the second half of the XVIII century. Rapid development of resorts began in Ukraine. The construction of water treatment centers, hotels, houses for visitors, commercialization of resort business took place, researches and searches of new deposits continued. In Soviet times, the tourism industry was oriented towards recreation. Masons were built sanatoriums, large and small health resorts.

In the early 90's the tourism industry functioned on the basis of Soviet sanatorium and resort facilities and outbound tourism.

Disclosure of the theme became possible through the use of general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, system, generalization, concreteness, historicism and dialectical method. The scientific research also uses special scientific methods of research: historical-comparative, historical-synthetic, historical-diachronic, empirical analysis, etc.